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The Petroleum System is a volume creation machine driven by heat and gravity. This course addresses the fundamentals of the Petroleum System, a holistic view of how it works, which is essential for geoscientists and engineers involved in today’s challenging conventional and unconventional exploration and development projects. The elements of the Petroleum System Charge, Trap, and Reservoir are described systematically within the framework of play and prospect evaluation.
The charging element begins with the deposition of the source rock and the establishment of its volumetric potential, or feedstock, for the system. Charge access involves converting this potential to expelled volumes, making, and then moving, the volumes from source bed to trap/reservoir. In the case of some unconventional reservoirs, this is within or adjacent to the source bed itself. A trap receives charge and petroleum columns build along its edges, until the container limit of the critical weak point is reached, or it spills. Reservoir rock storage and deliverability are modified by mechanical and chemical compaction, and fluid properties, fundamentally affecting project economics. Fluid properties further impact economics via the product value itself.
This 5-day class uses new purpose-designed materials, most previously unpublished, and draws on a global database and familiarity with many different styles of producing basin, play, and accumulation. About a third of the classroom time employs quick quiz and purpose-designed interactive individual and group exercises. The regular class offering covers both conventional and unconventional fundamentals, but upon request, can be focused on one or the other.
Geologists, geophysicists, and petrophysicists working on the basin, play, prospect or reservoir evaluation, and reservoir engineers seeking a bottom-up understanding of the genesis of their reservoir, or field. The course provides a refresher in new concepts in this field for geoscientists at a fundamental level.
DAY 1
Petroleum Systems in E&P
Volume, Risk, and Value (VRV)
The feedstock
Charge | Source Potential: source rock deposition
Charge | Source Potential: type and organofacies
DAY 2
Making
Charge | Access: temperature and thermal stress, thermal stress indicators and maturity
Charge | Access: petroleum generation, cracking and expulsion; petroleum product composition and phase
Charge | Access: oil and gas geochemistry (biomarkers, isotopes) as a function of organofacies, maturity and biodegradation
DAY 3
Moving
Charge | Access: basin thermics; thermal modelling; volume and timing of expelled products; fluid phase properties
Charge | Access: capillarity; pressure; primary and secondary migration from source to trap; charge vs. trap timing
DAY 4
Receiving
Trap | Container Geometry: understand trap geometries that govern accumulation; container type and number of edges
Containing
Trap | Column Capacity: fluid phase properties density and interfacial tension; rock capillarity; hydrodynamics; capillary vs. fracture leakage; column capacity prediction methods; tertiary migration/leakage and seepage
DAY 5
Storing
Reservoir | Storage: effective stress and mechanical compaction; thermal stress and chemical compaction; how reservoir filling controls fluid phase saturation; fluid formation volume factor and gas expansion factor; geochemical methods of estimating fluid phase saturation
Delivering
Reservoir | Deliverability: P, T and compositional controls on fluid viscosity; segmentation; reservoir pressures and connectivity
Value
Value: the $ value of the produced petroleum product itself
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